BelSU scientists have identified genes influencing the development of peptic ulcer disease

RIA News was informed about the study of genetic factors influencing the development of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease conducted by scientists of Belgorod State University.

Peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum is a disease, the development of which is often associated with the Helicobacter pylori bacterium. Getting into the gastrointestinal tract, Helicobacter causes inflammation of the mucous membrane, which can lead to the development of ulcers. The disease occurs in 5-10% of the adult population of the world. Chronic ulcer can lead to serious complications and to the development of malignancy.

Eliminate complications of peptic ulcer disease is possible only by surgery. Recovery after such operations depends on many factors, but on average takes at least three months. The peak of morbidity falls on the prime of working age - 30-45 years. This makes it increasingly important to expand the arsenal of methods of early prediction of the risk of peptic ulcer disease.

The staff of the Department of Biomedical Disciplines of the Medical Institute of the National Research University " BelSU" under the leadership of Professor Mikhail Churnosov conducted a study within the framework of the project "Study of molecular genetic factors of frequently occurring human diseases on the basis of high-tech methods of genotyping" of the programme "priority-20230". The scientists proposed to identify risk groups for gastric and duodenal ulcer development among healthy people by checking several DNA sections. According to the authors of the study, their proposed options for analysing combinations of genes allow with high accuracy to identify hereditary predisposition to the disease and prevent its development.

According to Professor Mikhail Churnosov, Head of the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines of the BelSU Medical Institute, the disease usually develops with a combination of three factors: bacterial infection, unhealthy lifestyle and hereditary predisposition. The contribution of heredity to the development of the disease ranges from 5.5 to 50%, so taking into account individual genetic characteristics is very important to determine the probability of disease development and effectively identify risk groups among healthy people.

BelSU scientists have proposed options for identifying hereditary predisposition to the development of peptic ulcer disease on the basis of molecular genetic study of several DNA sections.

- The proposed methods of DNA analysis have no foreign analogues. Domestic studies in the field of genetic risk factors of peptic ulcer development are few, - said Mikhail Churnosov.

The professor said that the current approaches to predicting the risk of peptic ulcer development, as a rule, do not take into account the genetic characteristics of patients, which prevents the quality of prediction.

The first variant of disease prognosis proposed by the BelSU geneticists, based on the identification of different alleles (forms of the same gene) located at polymorphic loci (identical DNA regions), allows to identify the probability of disease development in patients of both sexes.

According to Professor Mikhail Churnosov, the presence of a combination of genotypes of loci rs2294008 PSCA CC and rs6136 SELP AA warns of a high probability that the patient will face peptic ulcer disease in the future.

The second option of DNA analysis involves establishing the genotypes of the polymorphic loci rs2294008 PSCA CC and rs2519093 AVO CC. It also, as well as the first one, allows to detect with high probability the risk of disease development in both men and women.

The study of polymorphic sites rs2294008 PSCA and rs649129 ABO/RF00019 allows to detect hereditary predisposition to the development of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease only in women.

- Previously, data on interlocus interactions and on combinations of the listed genotypes as a basis for predicting the probability of gastric and duodenal ulcer development were not considered," emphasised Mikhail Churnosov.

The study involved more than 700 patients of the gastroenterological department of the Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital of St. Joasaph.

The news was prepared with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the framework of the federal project "Popularisation of Science and Technology".