A New Era for X-rays: Compact Radiation Source Developed by BelSU Physicists

This innovative advancement, reported by RIA Novosti, stems from the collaborative efforts of the Institute of Engineering and Digital Technologies at Belgorod National Research University (BelSU) and an international team of researchers from Armenia, the UK, and Germany.

Led by Andrey Oleynik, Associate Professor of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, the team has developed a method to stabilize a compact X-ray generating device, ensuring it is safe and durable. Traditionally, X-ray machines are large due to the high-voltage radiation generator and radiation detector housed within them, which provide the necessary power for accurate imaging. However, Oleynik points out that for many medical diagnostic and material analysis applications, such extensive power and size are unnecessary.

The researchers discovered that a 1 cm lithium tantalate crystal (LiTaO3) can consistently generate X-rays with sufficient energy for medical use when heated in a vacuum by 10-20°C. This heating creates a strong electric field that facilitates X-ray generation.

“We identified a key parameter responsible for this success: a cyclic change in crystal temperature that resembles a sinusoidal wave,” Oleynik explained.

This discovery allows for smooth adjustments in the amplitude of the generated electric field, significantly reducing the likelihood of electrical breakdowns that previously led to instabilities.

By fine-tuning experimental geometry, residual gas pressure, and temperature change patterns, the team achieved a stable operation of the X-ray source – overcoming a major hurdle that had rendered pyroelectric sources ineffective in the past.

“Our goal was to eliminate the causes of particle generation instability, and we succeeded. Now, we need to translate these principles into a compact form for practical use outside the lab,” Oleynik noted.