Key Factors Affecting Winemaking in Crimea Uncovered by BelSU Researchers

Scientists from Belgorod National Research University (BelSU), led by Professor Fyodor Lisetsky of the Department of Nature Management and Land Cadastre, have made significant strides in understanding the challenges facing the wine industry in Western Crimea.

As reported by RIA Novosti, the research team discovered that traditional agricultural practices, employed for centuries, have led to the accumulation of organic carbon in the soil. This buildup, coupled with elevated levels of iron, copper, and manganese, significantly hampers the growth of grapevines in the region. The presence of these metals not only disrupts the normal development of the vines but also poses potential health risks to consumers of wine produced from grapes grown in these affected areas.

Professor Lisetsky emphasized that their research revealed concerning levels of metals in Western Crimea’s soils, which are strictly regulated in food products. This accumulation can be traced back to long-term agricultural activities; lands that have been cultivated since ancient times tend to retain iron and other metals in stable compounds. Additionally, the high copper content is a direct result of modern viticulture practices, particularly the use of copper sulphate as a fungicide.

The researchers also noted that concentrations of contemporary soil pollutants such as copper, chromium, vanadium, and nickel approached maximum permissible limits in their study areas.

The data collected will not only improve monitoring of grape-growing conditions but will also assist in pinpointing new land suitable for viticulture on the peninsula. Furthermore, the BelSU team analysed the presence of iron, rubidium, silicon, potassium, and manganese in the soil – elements that significantly influence the taste characteristics of wine. According to Lisetsky, the steppe regions of Crimea are notably depleted of these essential nutrients compared to the warmer southern areas.

Looking ahead, the researchers plan to develop a system for assessing soil suitability for viticulture, drawing on climate and geochemical data. This system could also help determine the unique “fingerprints” of wines produced in specific regions.

This important study was conducted with support from the Russian Science Foundation and the findings were published in the international scientific journal Sustainability.